The core of a shipborne phased array antenna is "electronic scanning", which uses an array composed of hundreds to thousands of radiating elements to replace traditional mechanical scanning. It realizes beam control through phase adjustment: the beam controller instructs the phase shifters to adjust the signal phase of each element, and electromagnetic waves with different phases interfere and superimpose in space to form a directional beam. Changing the phase difference allows the beam to turn in milliseconds, enabling 360° fast scanning.
In an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), each radiating element is equipped with an independent T/R module, which can independently control power and phase, resulting in stronger flexibility, anti-interference ability, and reliability. A Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) shares a centralized transmitter, with lower cost but limited performance.
Role in Modern Communication
Ensuring Reliable Communication: With adaptive beamforming, it concentrates communication beams on targets, reducing signal leakage and the probability of interception or interference. It can adjust beams in real-time to maintain stable communication links with targets while the ship is sailing.
Supporting Multi-Target Collaboration: It can generate multiple independent beams to communicate with different targets such as carrier-based aircraft, friendly ships, and satellites simultaneously, improving efficiency. Its wide frequency band and high gain characteristics support high-rate data transmission to meet the demand for large-capacity information transfer.
Enhancing Environmental Adaptability: It can adjust beam power and direction to compensate for signal attenuation caused by salt fog, heavy rain, etc. Through adaptive suppression, it maintains communication in an enemy's electronic warfare environment. It can also focus beams to extend communication distance and improve the stability of ship-satellite communication.
Promoting Function Integration: It is moving towards "radar-communication integration". The same array can detect targets and transmit data simultaneously, reducing the number of antennas and accelerating information flow.
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