High Gain Panel Antennas refer to antennas with a flat-plate structure that can concentrate signal energy in a specific direction to achieve high-gain signal transmission. They are widely used in various wireless communication scenarios. The following is a detailed introduction:
Structure
The core structure of high-gain panel antennas is composed of four parts: radiating patches, dielectric substrates, ground planes, and reflectors. The radiating patches are usually made of metal copper or aluminum, and the dielectric substrates are made of low-loss, high-dielectric- constant materials. The ground plane and the reflector are integrated to form a directional beam, which significantly improves the gain and reduces interference.
Working Principle
When the radio-frequency signal is transmitted to the radiating patch through the feeder line, an alternating electric field is formed between the patch and the ground plane, exciting the electromagnetic wave to radiate outward. When receiving a signal, the electromagnetic wave in space induces an alternating current on the patch, which is converted into an electrical signal by the feeder line.
Performance Characteristics
High Gain: The gain range of panel antennas is usually 8-19dBi, and some MIMO models can reach more than 20dBi. Gain can be increased by increasing the number of radiating elements or optimizing the beam width.
Directional Radiation: The horizontal pattern presents a narrow beam, such as 90°-120°, and the vertical pattern has a controllable depression angle, such as 4°-8°.This characteristic enables it to accurately cover the target area and reduce signal leakage.
Anti interference: Through the reflector design, the rear-lobe radiation of the panel antenna can be suppressed to below -20dB, effectively reducing interference to non-target areas.
Application Scenarios
Mobile Communication Base Stations: As the core equipment of GSM, CDMA, 4G/LTE, 5G networks, it realizes precise coverage through the configuration of "transmit-directional, receive- directional", which can significantly improve the spectrum utilization rate in urban base stations with more channels.
Wireless Access: It supports point-to-point transmission in the 5.8GHz frequency band, and realizes high-speed and stable data return in scenarios such as video surveillance and enterprise private networks.
Satellite Communication: It can compensate for the path loss between the satellite and the ground station, and ensure high- speed data transmission in remote areas.