The right antenna is crucial for optimal IoT connectivity. Below are common types and how they work.
1. PCB Antennas
How it works: Embedded directly on the circuit board, these compact antennas use copper traces to transmit/receive signals.
Best for: Cost-sensitive, space-constrained devices (e.g., wearables).
2. Chip Antennas
How it works: Miniaturized ceramic components with internal conductors, ideal for high-frequency signals (e.g., 2.4GHz Wi-Fi/BLE).
Best for: Small IoT devices like sensors and trackers.
3. External Whip Antennas
How it works: A rod-shaped conductor with omnidirectional radiation, offering longer range than PCBs.
Best for: Gateways, routers, and outdoor applications.
4. LoRa/GPS Helical Antennas
How it works: Spiral design focuses signals directionally for long-range or satellite communication (e.g., GPS).
Best for: Asset tracking, agriculture IoT.
Key Principle
Antennas convert electrical signals into electromagnetic waves (and vice versa). Performance depends on:
Frequency (e.g., 868MHz LoRa vs. 2.4GHz Wi-Fi)
Polarization (linear/circular)
Environment (metal interference, range requirements).
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