A microwave antenna is a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves specially used in the microwave frequency band, and its working principle is based on the radiation and reception characteristics of electromagnetic waves. In the microwave frequency band (usually electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz), antenna design needs to consider factors such as short wavelengths and complex propagation characteristics.
How microwave antennas work
The core principle of a microwave antenna is to convert a high-frequency current into electromagnetic waves through a conductor structure and transmit it directionally into space. This process depends on the antenna's geometry, size, and material properties. For example, horn antennas utilize a progressively expanding waveguide structure to achieve effective radiation of electromagnetic waves; Parabolic antennas, on the other hand, concentrate energy in one direction through the reflective surface, resulting in high gain and good directivity.In receive mode, the antenna captures electromagnetic waves in space and converts them into electrical signals for subsequent circuitry processing. The pattern, gain, efficiency, and polarization characteristics of an antenna determine its performance.
Fields of application
Microwave antennas are widely used in a variety of fields, including but not limited to:
lCommunication systems: such as cellular networks (4G/5G), satellite communications, point-to-point wireless bridging, etc.
lRadar system: used for target detection, tracking and imaging, requiring high resolution and fast response capability.
lRemote sensing and navigation: For example, GPS satellite positioning systems rely on microwave antennas for signal transmission.
lRadio astronomy: Large radio telescopes use specialized microwave antenna arrays to receive cosmic signals.
lIndustrial & Medical: e.g. microwave heating, hyperthermia equipment in cancer treatment, etc.
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