2G antenna technology
2G networks, represented by GSM and CDMA technologies, marked the official entry of mobile communications into the digital age, bidding farewell to the various limitations of the analog era. In the 2G era, antenna designs were mostly omnidirectional or directional, with beamwidths ranging from 60°,90°, to 120°, sufficient to meet the basic needs of voice communication and text messaging services at that time.
3G antenna technology
With the rise of 3G technology, cellular mobile communications entered a new phase of highspeed data transmission. 3G technology employs broadband digital technology, not only boosting data transfer speeds but also introducing new experiences like video calls. In this era, antenna design has further evolved into multi-band antennas to accommodate the coexistence of different communication systems. At the same time, the introduction of smart antenna technology, through digital signal processing algorithms for beamforming, has effectively increased system capacity and coverage.
4G antenna technology
4G networks have achieved faster data transmission speeds and better network performance by adopting OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technologies. In this era, antenna design has further evolved into dualpolarization antennas, which not only support simultaneous transmission across multiple frequency bands and spatial channels but also significantly enhance communication quality. Meanwhile, the widespread application of MIMO technology has driven the transition from single-antenna systems to array antennas and multi-antenna systems, thereby greatly increasing data throughput and enhancing communication stability.
5G antenna technology
5G networks have seen significant improvements in data transmission speed, latency, and reliability thanks to the application of millimeter-wave technology and large-scale MIMO technology. For 5G antennas, the technical requirements are even more stringent, demanding not only higher bandwidth and lower latency but also greater integration. Moreover, the introduction of beamforming technology allows antennas to control beam direction more precisely, enabling directional signal transmission and reception, which further enhances signal transmission efficiency and coverage.
One of the key challenges facing 5G antenna technology is coexistence, which is how to effectively reduce the interference between different functional modules and frequency bands in a multi-antenna system with the same frequency.