In-Depth Explanation of Core ConceptsInsertion loss is a key metric for measuring the signal transmission efficiency of RF components, defined as the difference (in dB) between input and output power. Its physical essence lies in the energy loss of electromagnetic waves during transmission due to factors such as conductor resistance, dielectric polarization, and radiation.Analysis of Key Technical Characteristics
Frequency dependency: Loss value increases with frequency, with coaxial cables typically exhibiting 0.5 dB/m loss at 2 GHz
Temperature stability: High-quality cables should have a temperature coefficient of <0.002 dB/°C
Structural impact: Corrugated copper cables have 15% lower loss than smooth conductors
Vector network analyzers (VNA) are standard measurement equipment, requiring SOLT (Short-Open-Load-Through) calibration to eliminate system errors. Latest standards require measurement uncertainty <0.1 dB.Engineering Practice HighlightsTotal insertion loss in base station antenna feeder systems must be controlled within 3 dB
Using low-loss connectors (e.g., 4.3-10 type) can reduce interface loss by 0.2 dB
Regular inspection of cable bend radius to avoid additional loss
