VSWR Explained: Taming Signal Reflection

2025-11-28

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanism

VSWR essentially characterizes the standing wave properties formed by the superposition of traveling and reflected waves. Ideal matching yields VSWR=1:1, corresponding to full energy transmission; when VSWR=2:1, 11% of power is already reflected.

In-Depth Analysis of Influencing Factors

Impedance mutation: Connector interface impedance jumps are the main source of reflection
Material aging: Changes in cable insulation dielectric constant cause impedance drift
Mechanical stress: Bending deforms conductor structure, altering characteristic impedance

Evolution of Measurement Technology

Traditional directional coupler methods are being replaced by Fourier transform-based time-domain reflectometry, enabling precise fault location (accuracy up to cm level).

System Optimization Solutions

Adopt impedance gradient structures to transition between different line diameters

Implement predistortion technology to compensate for phase nonlinearity

Introduce real-time tuning circuits for dynamic matching optimization